Strenuous swimming raises blood non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in rats

The non-enzymatic antioxidant system protects blood components from oxidative damage and/or injury. Herein, plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity after acute strenuous swimming exercise (Exe) and exercise until exhaustion (Exh) was measured in rats. The experiments were carried out in never exposed (Nex) and pre-exposed (Pex) groups. The Nex group did not undergo any previous training before the acute strenuous swimming test and the Pex group was submitted to daily swimming for 10 min in the first week and 15 min per day in the second week before testing. Plasma glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were measured and plasma total protein sulfhydryl groups (thiol), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) levels were evaluated. There were marked increases in plasma lactate concentrations (Nex-Control 1.31±0.20 vs NexExe 4.16±0.39 vs NexExh 7.19±0.67) and in thiol (Nex-Control 271.9±5.6 vs NexExh 314.7±5.7), TEAC (Nex-Control 786.4±60.2 vs NexExh 1027.7±58.2), FRAP (Nex-Control 309.2±17.7 vs NexExh 413.4±24.3), and TRAP (Nex-Control 0.50±0.15 vs NexExh 2.6±0.32) levels after acute swimming and/or exhaustion. Also, there were increased plasma lactate concentrations (Pex-Control 1.39±0.15 vs PexExe 5.22±0.91 vs PexExh 10.07±0.49), thiol (Pex-Control 252.9±8.2 vs PexExh 284.6±6.7), FRAP (Pex-Control 296.5±15.4 vs PexExh 445.7±45.6), and TRAP (Pex-Control 1.8±0.1 vs PexExh 4.6±0.2) levels after acute swimming and/or exhaustion. Lactate showed the highest percent of elevation in the Nex and Pex groups. In conclusion, plasma lactate may contribute to plasma antioxidant defenses, and the TRAP assay is the most sensitive assay for assessing plasma non-antioxidant capacity after strenuous exercise.

Human papillomavirus type 18 E5 oncoprotein cooperates with E6 and E7 in promoting cell viability and invasion and in modulating the cellular redox state

BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer. Among them, types 16 and 18 are the most prevalent worldwide. The HPV genome encodes three oncoproteins (E5, E6, and E7) that possess a high transformation potential in culture cells when transduced simultaneously. In the present study, we analysed how these oncoproteins cooperate to boost key cancer cell features such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion potential, and cellular redox state imbalance. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the carcinogenic process, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a potentially harmful by-product of many cellular reactions, and an efficient clearance mechanism is therefore required. Cells infected with HR-HPVs can adapt to oxidative stress conditions by upregulating the formation of endogenous antioxidants such as catalase, glutathione (GSH), and peroxiredoxin (PRX). OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this work was to study how these oncoproteins cooperate to promote the development of certain cancer cell features such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion potential, and oxidative stress that are known to aid in the carcinogenic process. METHODS To perform this study, we generated three different HaCaT cell lines using retroviral transduction that stably expressed combinations of HPV-18 oncogenes that included HaCaT E5-18, HaCaT E6/E7-18, and HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18. FINDINGS Our results revealed a statistically significant increment in cell viability as measured by MTT assay, cell proliferation, and invasion assays in the cell line containing the three viral oncogenes. Additionally, we observed that cells expressing HPV-18 E5/E6/E7 exhibited a decrease in catalase activity and a significant augmentation of GSH and PRX1 levels relative to those of E5, E6/E7, and HaCaT cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that HPV-18 E5, E6, and E7 oncoproteins can cooperate to enhance malignant transformation.

Un modelo predictivo de preeclampsia a partir de datos clínicos y bioquímicos / A Predictive Model of Preeclampsia from Clinical and Biochemical Data

RESUMEN Introducción: La preeclampsia es uno de los síndromes en mujeres embarazadas que afecta al menos 3 - 8 por ciento de todos los embarazos. Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo predictivo de preeclampsia a partir del estado redox en embarazadas, que clasifique a las mujeres pertenecientes a los grupos de gestantes preeclámpticas y gestantes sanas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal. Los parámetros bioquímicos y clínicos se evaluaron utilizando el análisis de componentes principales para identificar las variables más influyentes en la aparición de preeclampsia. Los seleccionados como las variables más importantes fueron evaluados por el análisis discriminante lineal de Fisher. Resultados: El análisis de componentes principales determinó la varianza del set de datos, mostrando la relación con los procesos de peroxidación lipídica, metabolismo de proteínas, daño a tejidos y microangiopático, considerados factores en la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia. Las variables más influyentes fueron usadas para modelar una función discriminante capaz de clasificar gestantes sanas y preeclámpticas. El valor de Lambda de Wilks y el alto autovalor asociado a la función discriminante muestran el poder discriminante del modelo. La ecuación obtenida fue validada con el método Leave one out y reveló un excelente poder clasificatorio del mismo. Conclusiones: El modelo predictivo puede ser considerado como apropiado para clasificar los casos de preeclampsia, y muestran a los biomarcadores como buenos candidatos para la clasificación y como potenciales indicadores predictivos de preeclampsia(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the syndromes in pregnant women that affects at least 3 - 8 percent of all pregnancies. Objective: To develop a predictive model of preeclampsia from the redox state in pregnant women, which allows to classify them in groups of preeclamptic pregnant women and healthy pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed. Biochemical and clinical parameters were evaluated using principal component analysis to identify the most influential variables in the occurrence of preeclampsia. Those selected as the most important variables were evaluated by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. Results: The main component analysis determined the variance of the data set, showing the relationship with lipid peroxidation processes, protein metabolism, tissue damage and microangiopathy, considered factors in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The most influential variables were used to model a discriminant function capable of classifying healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women. Wilks Lambda value and the high eigenvalue associated with the discriminant function show the discriminant power of the model. The equation obtained was validated with the Leave one out method and revealed excellent classifying power. Conclusions: The predictive model can be considered as appropriate to classify pre-eclampsia cases, and to show biomarkers as good candidates for classification and as potential predictive indicators of pre-eclampsia(AU)

Oxidized human serum albumin as a possible correlation factor for atherosclerosis in a rural Japanese population: the results of the Yakumo Study

BACKGROUND@#The effect of the redox state of human serum albumin (HSA) on the antioxidant properties of the entire body has been a focus of recent research. The usefulness of HSA redox state as a biomarker for reducing oxidative stress has been investigated in clinical settings; however, evidence for its significance as a health index in non-clinical settings is yet to be established. This study aimed to examine the associations between HSA redox state and the atherosclerotic indices of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque formation in a rural Japanese population.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cross-sectional study as part of a health check-up program in the rural area of Hokkaido, Japan, at the end of August 2013. A total of 281 residents (124 men and 157 women) were included in the final analysis. Lifestyle-related data were obtained through a self-reported questionnaire, and ultrasound examinations were performed to measure IMT and determine plaque formation. The high-performance liquid chromatography postcolumn bromocresol green method was used to separate HSA into human nonmercaptalbumin and human mercaptalbumin (HMA).@*RESULTS@#We found a significant negative relationship between the fraction of HMA [f(HMA)] and IMT (standardized β = - 0.132, p = 0.03). Moreover, f(HMA) was significantly associated with plaque formation (p < 0.01) with an odds ratio of 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.97) for every 10% increment in f(HMA).@*CONCLUSIONS@#We found that the HSA redox state, as determined by f(HMA), was associated with atherosclerotic indices in Japanese subjects. These results suggest that the HSA redox state indicates the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Study on the 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Redox State Characterization Method of Mussel Adhesive Protein / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of using liquid chromatography (HPLC) to characterize the 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) redox state of mussel adhesive protein (MAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DOPA and protein contents of MAP were determined by HPLC, Arnow and Bradford methods respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With extended oxidation time, the protein contents of MAP samples remained unchanged whereas the DOPA contents declined. The retention times of main peaks in HPLC for both the accelerated oxidation and retained samples shifted as the storage time extended, which could be related to the changes of sample redox state.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The redox state of MAP can be characterized by the change of HPLC peak retention time. HPLC can be used in the research on the MAP redox state, which is beneficial to the product development and quality control.</p>

El análisis multivariado a partir del estado redox asociado a la preeclampsia / Multivariate Analysis from the Redox State Associated with Preeclampsia

Introducción: la preeclampsia es una enfermedad gestacional de origen placentario, de alta prevalencia, morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal. Numerosos estudios demuestran que el estrés oxidativo juega un rol significativo dentro de su fisiopatología activado por diferentes mecanismos implicados. Objetivo: identificar algunos predictores bioquímicos que pudieran resultar de interés para el diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad. Métodos: a partir de un estudio analí­tico transversal se analizaron las concentraciones de algunos parámetros bioquímicos y relacionados con el estado redox en un grupo de gestantes sanas y preeclámpsicas. Resultados: el procesamiento de los datos mostró una diferencia significativa (p< 0,05) en ambos grupos en cuanto a las concentraciones de proteínas totales, ácido úrico, lactato deshidrogenasa y triglicéridos, así como el malonilaldehido como indicador de daño oxidativo a lípidos (p< 0,000). Un análisis de componentes principales reflejó la relación estrecha entre los parámetros asociados al proceso de peroxidación lipídica, metabolismo de las proteínas y daño tisular y microangiopático. Esto aporta una valiosa información en relación con las fuentes de diferenciación entre los grupos. Se pudo concluir que existen modificaciones bioquímicas relacionadas con la presencia de esta entidad en nuestro medio, donde el estrés oxidativo juega un rol importante. El empleo de métodos multivariados en este tipo de estudio refuerza la contribución de cada variable, por lo que podría utilizarse como una herramienta durante el control y tratamiento precoz de ella(AU)

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a gestational disease of placental origin, with high prevalence, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies show that oxidative stress plays a significant role within its pathophysiology activated by different mechanisms involved. The search for a tool that contributes to its control and treatment in our setting is required. Objective: Identify some biochemical predictors that could be of interest for the early diagnosis of this entity. Methods: The concentrations of some biochemical parameters and related to the redox state were analyzed from a cross-sectional analytical study in a group of healthy and pre-eclectic pregnant women. Results: the processing of the data showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) in both groups on the concentrations of total proteins, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase and triglycerides, as well as malonyl aldehyde as an indicator of oxidative damage to lipids (p< 0.000). An analysis of the principal components reflected the close relationship between the parameters associated with the lipid peroxidation process, protein metabolism and tissue and microangiopathic damage. This provides valuable information in relation to the sources of differentiation between the groups. It was concluded that there are biochemical modifications related to the presence of this entity in our setting, where oxidative stress plays an important role. The use of multivariate methods in this type of study reinforces the contribution of each variable, so it could be used as a tool during its control and early treatment(AU)

Effect of aerobic exercise training on cGMP levels and blood pressure in treated hypertensive postmenopausal women

Abstract The second messenger cGMP has been largely studied as a therapeutic target in a variety of disorders such as erectile dysfunction, arterial hypertension and heart failure. Evidence has shown thatcGMP activators are less efficient in estrogen-deficiency animals, but no studies exist involving non-pharmacological approacheson NO/cGMP signaling pathway in hypertensive postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to examine NO/cGMP pathway, redox state and blood pressure in trained treatedhypertensive (HT) postmenopausal women comparing with normotensive (NT) group. The rationale for that is most of HT patients is encouraged by physician to perform exercise associated with pharmacological treatments.Aerobic exercise training (AET) consisted of 24 sessions, 3 times/week.Parameters were evaluated at baseline and after AET for both groups (HT=28; NT=33).In treatedHT group, AET was significantly effective in increasing cGMP concentrations (28%) accompanied by an up-regulation of SOD (97%) and catalase activity (37%). In NT group, we found an increasein SOD activity (58%). TreatedHT postmenopausal women were still responsive to AET increasing cGMP levels and up-regulating antioxidant system. It should also be emphasized that these findings provide information on the circulating biomarkers that might delay the developing of cardiovascular events in this particular population.(AU)

Feasibility of assessing health state by detecting redox state of human body based on Chinese medicine constitution / 中国结合医学杂志

This article discussed the feasibility of assessing health state by detecting redox state of human body. Firstly, the balance of redox state is the basis of homeostasis, and the balance ability of redox can reflflect health state of human body. Secondly, the redox state of human body is a sensitive index of multiple risk factors of health such as age, external environment and psychological factors. It participates in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases involving metabolic diseases and nervous system diseases, and can serve as a cut-in point for treatment of these diseases. Detecting the redox state of high risk people is signifificantly important for early detection and treatment of disease. The blood plasma and urine could be selected to detect, which is convenient. It is pointed that the indexes not only involve oxidation product and antioxidant enzyme but also redox couple. Chinese medicine constitution reflflects the state of body itself and the ability of adapting to external environment, which is consistent with the connotation of health. It is found that there are nine basic types of constitution in Chinese population, which provides a theoretical basis of health preservation, preventive treatment of disease and personalized treatment. With the combination of redox state detection and the Chinese medicine constitution theory, the heath state can be systemically assessed by conducting large-scale epidemiological survey with classifified detection on redox state of human body.

Oxidative stress is associated with the number of components of metabolic syndrome: LIPGENE study

Previous evidence supports the important role that oxidative stress (OxS) plays in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related manifestations. We determined the relationship between the number of MetS components and the degree of OxS in MetS patients. In this comparative cross-sectional study from the LIPGENE cohort, a total of 91 MetS patients (43 men and 48 women; aged between 45 and 68 years) were divided into four groups based on the number of MetS components: subjects with 2, 3, 4 and 5 MetS components (n=20, 31, 28 and 12, respectively). We measured ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH), plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), total nitrite, lipid peroxidation products (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plasma activities. sVCAM-1, H2O2 and LPO levels were lower in subjects with 2 or 3 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. IRH and total nitrite levels were higher in subjects with 2 or 3 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. SOD and GPx activities were lower in subjects with 2 MetS components than subjects with 4 or 5 MetS components. Waist circumference, weight, age, homeostatic model assessment-beta, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly correlated with SOD activity. MetS subjects with more MetS components may have a higher OxS level. Furthermore, association between SOD activity and MetS components may indicate that this variable could be the most relevant OxS biomarker in patients suffering from MetS and could be used as a predictive tool to determine the degree of the underlying OxS in MetS.

Clinical analysis of Level of glutathione redox-state in patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the changes and clinical significance of glutathione redox-state in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Based on both with or without atherogenic risk factors and the result of coronary arteriography, 118 patients were calssified into three groups: control group( n =30) ,risk group(n =28) and CHD group (n =60). Venous blood sample was obtained, then the plasma reduced glutathione ( GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSC) were measured by using glutathione reductase recycling method. Redox potential(EhCSH/GSSG) was calculated using Nernst equation. According to clinical situation,CHD group was divided into two subgroups:un-stable angina pectoris( UAP) group(n = 32) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n =28). Results From control group to risk group,then to CHD group,GSH gradually decreased,and there was significant difference between CHD group and control group (P < 0.05 ) , but GSSG and EhGSH/GSSG gradually increased, there was significant difference between CHD group and risk group and control group (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference be-tween the UAP subgroup and AMI subgroup in GSH,GSSG and EhGSH/GSSG(P >0.05). Conclusions Body's an-tioxidant capacity decreases and the oxidative stress exists in artherosclerosis, and furthermore there is a certain degree of relevance between oxidative stress and hyperlipoidemia,all these show that improving this situation may decelerate or prevent the formation and progress of artherosclerosis.

Effects of buthionine sulfoxine on the redox state of human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with K562 cells conditioned media / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of K562 cells conditioned media on redox state of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of buthionine sulfoxine(BSO), a selective inhibitor of ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase, on HUVECs cultured with K562 cells conditioned media. Methods Glutathione(GSH)、oxidized glutathione (GSSG)、NADP~+、NADPH concentration and the viability of HUVECs under various conditions were determinated. Results GSSG、GSH、NADP~+、NADPH concentration of HUVECs increased when HUVECs were cultured with K562 cells conditioned media. The inhibition of HUVECs growth by Bso enhanced when K562 cells conditioned media were used at the same time. Conclusion Under the effection of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells conditioned media, endothelial cells may be more sensitive to BSO.